Clinical Profile, Triggers, and Emergency Management of Anaphylaxis in Southeastern Iran: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening systemic hypersensitivity reaction of increasingglobal incidence. Regional epidemiological data on triggers and management are essential forimproving outcomes. No previous study has investigated this condition in Sistan and BaluchistanProvince in the east of Iran. This study aimed to characterize the clinical manifestations, causes,and management of anaphylaxis in emergency departments in Zahedan, Sistan and BaluchistanProvince, Iran.Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study employed a census sampling approach,including all patients (n = ۷۸) meeting NIAID/FAAN diagnostic criteria for anaphylaxis whopresented to the emergency departments of two major teaching hospitals (Ali Ibn Abitaleb andKhatam Al-Anbia) in Zahedan, Iran, during ۲۰۲۳. Data were collected retrospectively via astructured checklist and analyzed using SPSS version ۲۶ with appropriate statistical tests; P < ۰.۰۵was considered statistically significant.Results: Patients’ mean ± standard deviation age was ۲۶.۶ ± ۱۷.۶ years, and ۵۲.۶% werefemale. Most reactions occurred at home (۶۲.۸%). Medications and insect stings were the mostcommon triggers (۳۲.۹% each), followed by food (۲۷.۳%). Cutaneous (۸۳.۳%) and respiratory(۷۸.۲%) symptoms predominated. Intravenous fluids (۸۸.۵%), antihistamines (۸۵.۹%), andsteroids (۷۶.۹%) were most frequently administered. Epinephrine was used in ۶۵.۴% of cases;epinephrine recipients were significantly younger than non-recipients (۲۴.۶ ± ۱۶.۶ vs. ۳۱.۲ ± ۱۹.۱years, P = ۰.۰۴۸). Most patients (۴۲.۳%) recovered completely in the emergency departmentwith no fatalities.Conclusion: Insect stings and medications are the predominant anaphylaxis triggers in thisregion. The high prevalence of cutaneous and respiratory symptoms requires heightened clinicalsuspicion. Suboptimal epinephrine use indicates a critical management gap, necessitatingimproved guideline adherence and enhanced education for healthcare professionals and thepublic.

کلیدواژه ها:

Anaphylaxis ، Emergency Service ، Hospital ، Epinephrine ، Drug Hypersensitivity