Association Between GLP-۱ Receptor Agonists and Xerostomia: A Rapid Review

Glucagon-like peptide-۱ receptor agonists (GLP-۱ RAs) are widely used for type ۲ diabetes and obesity but are increasingly associated with oral adverse effects. This rapid review aims to identify, critically appraise, and synthesize the available human evidence regarding the association between GLP-۱-based therapy and xerostomia or reduced salivary function. Following Cochrane Rapid Reviews Methods Group guidance, PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for human studies involving adults exposed to GLP-۱-based therapies. Out of ۳۶۵ initially identified records, six studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing real-world pharmacovigilance data, clinical trials, and retrospective cohort studies. The reviewed data included analyses from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), the Australian DAEN registry, and clinical trials predominantly investigating semaglutide. Results indicate that xerostomia constitutes an emerging, unexpected safety signal for semaglutide, with pharmacovigilance data demonstrating a significant reporting odds ratio (ROR = ۲.۰۵) and a median onset time of approximately seven days post-initiation. The adverse event is generally non-serious but can impact oral health-related quality of life. The exact molecular mechanisms remain unconfirmed, though delayed gastric emptying, altered autonomic regulation, and reduced fluid intake are hypothesized contributors. In conclusion, real-world evidence supports an association between GLP-۱ RAs and early-onset xerostomia, highlighting the need for proactive patient monitoring and further empirical studies to elucidate the underlying physiological pathways.

کلیدواژه ها:

GLP-۱ receptor agonists ، Semaglutide ، Xerostomia ، Salivary gland hypofunction ، Pharmacovigilance