Genomics and Epigenetics in Cardiovascular Diseases: From Personalized Medicine to Targeted Therapies

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading global cause of death, creating significant socioeconomic and healthcare challenges. Advances in genomics and epigenetics offer new avenues for biomarker discovery, early diagnosis, and personalized therapies. Omics technologies, integrated with artificial intelligence, enhance the potential for CVD prevention and targeted treatment. This narrative review comprehensively searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for studies published, using keywords related to genomics, epigenetics, omics, and CVDs. The review included original research, reviews, and clinical trials, and the extracted data were organized into thematic categories: biomarkers, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), epigenetic regulation, personalized medicine, novel therapeutics, and clinical challenges. Evidence indicates that genomic and epigenetic biomarkers play a crucial role in predicting CVD risk. SNPs are strongly associated with hypertension, atherosclerosis, and heart failure. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation and histone modifications modulate key pathological pathways, while microRNAs and lncRNAs act as important regulators of cardiovascular gene expression. In therapeutics, pharmacogenomics enables tailoring of drug regimens to patients’ genetic profiles. Furthermore, omics technologies and multi-omics integration powered by AI enhance precision cardiovascular medicine by identifying molecular networks and improving risk prediction models. Integration of genomics and epigenetics with omics technologies and artificial intelligence may improve the diagnosis, prevention, and personalized management of cardiovascular diseases; however, many of these approaches still require further clinical validation before widespread implementation. Despite challenges such as genetic diversity, high costs, and ethical concerns, the establishment of national biobanks and population-based genomic studies in countries like Iran represent valuable opportunities to advance toward precision cardiovascular medicine and improve public health outcomes.

کلیدواژه ها:

Genomics ، Epigenetics ، Cardiovascular Diseases ، Personalized Medicine ، Targeted Therapies