Evaluating the Effect of Exercise Training on Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure in Older Adults with Type ۲ Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Older adults with T۲DM face high risk hypertension. Exercise recommended for BP control, its effects on SBP DBP in this population, alongside moderators, remain unclear. This meta-analysis aimed to determine effect exercise training on SBP and DBP in diabetic older adults and identify moderating factors, specifically session frequency and duration. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library searched for RCTs and controlled interventions published from January ۲۰۱۰ to early ۲۰۲۶. Primary outcomes were SBP and DBP. Random-effects model used, effect size reported as SMD and ۹۵% CI. Subgroup analyses based on weekly session frequency (≤۲ vs. >۲) and session duration (≤۵۰ vs. >۵۰ minutes). Results: ۳۴ studies (۲,۸۴۷ participants) analyzed. Exercise showed no significant effect on SBP (SMD = -۰.۱۳۲, p = ۰.۳۲۸). Effect on DBP was borderline non-significant (SMD = ۰.۲۲۳, p = ۰.۰۶۴). Subgroup analyses revealed significant DBP increases for ≤۲ sessions/week (p = ۰.۰۰۳) and ≤۵۰ minutes (p = ۰.۰۱۳). Heterogeneity high (I² > ۷۴%). Conclusion: Exercise did not significantly reduce SBP or DBP in older adults with T۲DM. Paradoxical DBP rise in low frequency short duration subgroups requires investigation. Findings suggest other factors (intensity, type, medication) may be more critical than session frequency or duration alone.

کلیدواژه ها:

Type ۲ Diabetes Mellitus ، Older Adults ، Systolic Blood Pressure ، Diastolic Blood Pressure ، Exercise Training ، Meta-analysis