_{The Divine Covenant in Abrahamic Traditions: A Comparative Study of the Human–Divine Relationship in Judaism and Islam}

The concept of covenant (Heb. berit; Ar. ʿahd) is a foundational element of Abrahamic theology, yet it functions differently within Jewish and Islamic traditions. This study examines the central question of how the Abrahamic covenant is interpreted in both traditions and what conceptual transformation occurs from its formulation in the Hebrew Bible to its Qur’anic reconfiguration. The research addresses a gap in previous scholarship, which has often treated the covenant either in a non-comparative manner or with limited attention to its theological development across traditions.Using a comparative textual method, the study analyzes key covenantal passages in Genesis (۱۲, ۱۵, ۱۷) and the Qur’an, alongside the interpretations of major Jewish exegetes—particularly Rashi and Maimonides—and insights from contemporary biblical scholarship. The article’s contribution lies in integrating scriptural analysis with classical Jewish exegesis and comparative theological reflection.Findings indicate that the covenant in Judaism retains a predominantly ethnic and ritual character, whereas the Qur’an reinterprets it within a universal, ethical, and monotheistic framework, transforming it from an ethnic bond into a spiritual commitment rooted in human nature. This distinction reflects differing foundations of religious identity in the two traditions.

کلیدواژه ها:

Keywords: Abraham ، covenant ، Judaism ، Islam ، Monotheism ، Divine& ndash ، Human Relation ، Comparative theology