Evaluation of energy and exergy efficiency of different rice planting methods in Khuzestan province, Iran

This study examines the efficiency and sustainability of various rice planting methods in Khuzestan province, focusing on their energy consumption and exergy indicators. Findings reveal notable differences in energy use and cumulative exergy among methods. Notably, the no-tillage approach has the lowest Cumulative Exergy Consumption (CExC) due to reduced diesel fuel use, while transplanting is the most energy-intensive, relying heavily on manpower and electricity for irrigation. The greatest Cumulative Energy Consumption (CEnC) arises from electricity for irrigation and chemical fertilizers. The analysis highlights fuel and electricity as primary contributors to CExC across treatments. Efficient irrigation methods yield higher Energy Return ratios and lower energy intensities, signifying better energy input efficiency. Data show varying cumulative energy demands, with direct dry seeding and no-tillage exhibiting higher energy efficiency. Cumulative Production Energy (CDP) values reveal differences in the energy performance of planting systems. The Renewability Index (RI) indicates Treatment ۵ has the minimal environmental impact. Direct dry seeding on raised beds is favorable for production energy, while dry bed no-till-drill methods excel in exergy efficiency and renewability. Overall, the research underscores the need for improved irrigation management to enhance water and electricity efficiency in rice production, advocating for the adoption of more efficient irrigation techniques to boost energy usage and sustainability in rice cultivation.

کلیدواژه ها:

Energy efficiency ، Exergy indicators ، Rice ، Irrigation ، Sustainability