Biophilic Strategies for Climate Resilience in Metropolises and Assessment of Ecosystem Services of Urban Green Spaces

Rapid urbanization and climate change pose severe challenges to metropolises, including heat islands, flash floods, air pollution, and reduced livability. Urban green spaces deliver critical ecosystem services such as local climate regulation, carbon sequestration, and air purification, yet these services remain systematically undervalued in urban planning. This study develops an integrated framework to quantitatively assess ecosystem services of urban green spaces and to propose biophilic design strategies for enhancing climate resilience in large cities. The paper reviews established valuation methods (i Tree Eco, InVEST) and synthesizes case studies from Singapore, Copenhagen, Medellín, Beijing, and initial Iranian experiences. Findings indicate that the annual value of green infrastructure ecosystem services in central Beijing reaches approximately ۱.۵۶ billion yuan, with carbon sequestration and oxygen production as the major contributors. Based on these insights, biophilic strategies are formulated at building, neighborhood, and metropolitan scales, culminating in the “Symbiotic City” model that redefines dense urban environments as metabolically integrated, nature based systems. The proposed framework and strategies offer a practical pathway for policymakers to incorporate ecosystem service valuation and biophilic principles into climate adaptive urban development.

کلیدواژه ها:

Ecosystem services ، urban green spaces ، climate resilience ، biophilic design ، economic valuation