A Comprehensive Review of the Theoretical Foundations of Regional Resilience: From Bio-Ecological Approaches to Social-Ecological Resilience in Critical Water Basins

Regional resilience has emerged as a critical analytical framework for understanding the capacity of human-natural systems to cope with shocks and stresses, particularly within critical water basins. This paper provides a systematic review of the theoretical foundations of resilience across three main paradigms (engineering, ecological, and social-ecological). It analyzes key concepts including chaos theory, thresholds, tipping points, multiple equilibria, self-organization, adaptive capacity, and adaptive governance. The findings indicate that a shift from linear, control-oriented approaches toward dynamic, multi-scale frameworks is essential for water resource management in water-scarce regions. Furthermore, identifying critical thresholds and strengthening learning and self-organization capacities at local levels are key components for enhancing regional resilience. This review synthesizes insights from over ۶۰ peer-reviewed sources and proposes an integrated conceptual model linking theoretical constructs to practical water basin management.

کلیدواژه ها:

Regional Resilience ، Critical Water Basins ، Chaos Theory ، Adaptive Governance ، Adaptive Capacity ، Thresholds