Indicators for Measuring Regional Resilience to Lake Drying in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions: A Review of Composite Models (Social, Economic, Institutional, Environmental)

The desiccation of terminal lakes in arid and semi-arid regions, particularly Lake Urmia in northwestern Iran, has triggered severe socio-economic and environmental consequences, including agricultural livelihood collapse, forced migration, and groundwater depletion. Measuring regional resilience to such hazards requires composite indicators that go beyond unidimensional approaches. This study aims to review composite resilience indicators based on the Resilience Measurement Framework (RMF), Community Resilience Index (CRI), DPSIR (Drivers-Pressures-State-Impact-Response) model, and social capital theory. A scoping review of Scopus-indexed sources (۲۰۱۰–۲۰۲۶) identified four core resilience dimensions: (۱) social (participation, migration, institutional trust), (۲) economic (livelihood diversity, groundwater dependency), (۳) institutional (water management effectiveness), and (۴) environmental (water table decline, salinity, vegetation cover). The combined DPSIR-social capital framework is proposed as the most suitable approach for the semi-arid Lake Urmia Basin.

کلیدواژه ها:

Regional resilience ، composite index ، Lake Urmia ، DPSIR ، social capital ، drylands