Association Between Dietary Micronutrient Intake and Ovarian Reserve in Infertile Women: A Cross-Sectional Study of Age, Socioeconomic Status, and AMH Status

Objective: Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a robust marker of ovarian reserve, but whether dietary micronutrient intake influences AMH levels remains unclear. This study examined demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, and dietary micronutrient correlates of ovarian reserve among infertile women. This cross-sectional study enrolled ۲۱۳ infertile women (aged ۱۸–۴۲ years) candidates for ART or non-ART treatment at Hazrat Maryam Infertility Center, Isfahan, Iran. Habitual dietary intake was assessed via a validated ۱۶۸-item food frequency questionnaire, focusing on iron, chromium, omega-۳ fatty acids (EPA+DHA), and vitamin D. Participants were classified as having low (AMH < ۱.۱ ng/mL) or normal/high (AMH _x۰۰۰۲_۲۱ ۱.۱ ng/mL) ovarian reserve. Group comparisons used independent t-tests, Mann-Whitney U, and chi-square tests. Results: Of ۲۱۳ women, ۵۷.۷% had low AMH. Women with low AMH were significantly younger (۳۳.۸۷ _x۰۰۰B_۱ ۵.۱۱ vs. ۳۷.۴۶ _x۰۰۰B_۱ ۴.۳۹ years, p < ۰.۰۰۱) and reported lower economic status (p = ۰.۰۲۵) than those with normal/high AMH. Weight, education, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol use did not differ significantly between groups. No significant between-group differences were found for dietary EPA, DHA, iron, chromium, or vitamin D intake (all p > ۰.۰۵). Conclusion: Age and economic status, but not dietary micronutrient intake, were significantly associated with ovarian reserve in this cohort, highlighting socioeconomic status as a potentially relevant, modifiable correlate warranting further study.

کلیدواژه ها:

Anti-Müllerian hormone ، Ovarian reserve ، Infertility ، Dietary micronutrients ، Socioeconomic status ، Vitamin D