Assessment of thyroid function in children aged ۱-۱۲ years with idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome referred to Kosar Clinic of Bu-Ali Hospital, Ardabil during ۲۰۲۳-۲۰۲۴; case series

Background: Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is a common glomerular disease in children. Urinary protein loss may affect thyroid function. This study, as a case series report, aimed to describe thyroid function status in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in Ardabil. Methods: In this case-series study, all children aged ۱ to ۱۲ years with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome who were referred to the Kosar Clinic of Bu-Ali Hospital in Ardabil from the beginning of ۲۰۲۳ to the end of ۲۰۲۴ were included in the study. Demographic information (age, sex), laboratory data (TSH, Free T۴ levels), and serum albumin were extracted from the children's medical records. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics presented in tables, charts, and statistical indices in SPSS software version ۲۴. Results: Among ۲۷ patients, ۱۹ were boys (۷۰.۴%) and ۸ were girls (۲۹.۶%), with a mean age of ۶ ± ۲.۶۳ years. Six patients (۲۲.۲%) had hypothyroidism, and all of them were taking levothyroxine. The mean TSH level in all patients was ۳.۸۲ ± ۲.۶۱ mU/L. Conclusion: The results showed that one-fifth of children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome had hypothyroidism. Given the limited sample size and lack of a control group, larger studies are recommended to determine the necessity of routine thyroid screening. Keywords: Nephrotic syndrome, thyroid, hypothyroidism, albumin, case series report Acknowledgments:The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to all children and their parents who patiently participated and cooperated in this research. Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Data Availability: All data generated or analyzed during this study are included within the text of this article. Consent for Publication: Written informed consent was obtained from the patients and their parents for the publication of this case series and any accompanying images. Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate: This study was conducted after obtaining approval from the Ethics Committee of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences (ethics code: IR.IAU.ARDABIL.REC.۱۴۰۲.۰۸۰) and was performed in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Prior to enrollment, the study's objectives and procedures were thoroughly explained to all participants, and written informed consent was obtained from both the children and their parents. Confidentiality and the privacy of participants' information were strictly maintained throughout all stages of the research. Financial Disclosure: This research received no specific funding. Author Contributions: Study design and methodology: Nahid Ekhlasie and Parisa Jahed. Data collection: Leila Katbi and Hamid Deldade Moghaddam. Data analysis and manuscript writing: Parisa Jahed and Nahid Ekhlasie. All authors reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript.

کلیدواژه ها:

Nephrotic syndrome ، thyroid ، hypothyroidism ، albumin ، case series report ، سندروم نفروتیک ، تیروئید ، کم کاری تیروئید ، آلبومین ، گزارش سری موردی