Numerical and Analytical Investigation of Geosynthetic-Reinforced Soil (GRS) Retaining Walls under Seismic Loading Using Sliding Block Theory and Finite Element Modeling

Geosynthetic-Reinforced Soil (GRS) retaining walls have gained increasing popularity in geotechnical engineering due to their cost-effectiveness, ease of construction, and improved seismic performance. However, under seismic excitation, accurate estimation of permanent deformations and internal force demands remains a critical challenge. In this study, a comprehensive evaluation of seismic behavior of GRS walls is conducted by integrating analytical methods and advanced numerical simulations. Analytical approaches, including the sliding block method based on Newmark's theory and wedge-based failure models, are initially reviewed to estimate seismic displacement and stability. Subsequently, detailed finite element simulations are performed using LS-DYNA, incorporating nonlinear constitutive models for both soil and reinforcement materials, along with appropriate contact and boundary conditions. Model validation against full-scale shaking table experimental data confirms the accuracy and reliability of the numerical framework. Parametric analyses are then conducted to evaluate the influence of wall height, backfill friction angle, reinforcement stiffness, slope inclination, and peak ground acceleration (PGA) on the seismic response of GRS walls. New empirical equations are proposed for predicting critical response parameters such as horizontal wall displacement, vertical settlement at the wall crest, and tensile forces in the geosynthetics. The findings of this study contribute to a more rational and performance-based seismic design methodology for reinforced soil retaining structures.

کلیدواژه ها:

Geosynthetics ، GRS walls ، Reinforced soils ، Seismic performance