An Integrated Risk and Disaster Resilience Management Model: A Comparative Analysis of Iran and Leading Countries in Global Disaster Management (Japan, USA, Germany, and New Zealand)

Effective disaster risk management (DRM) requires systematic integration of risk management (RM) principles to reduce vulnerability and enhance societal resilience against natural and human-made hazards. This study examines the integration of RM into Iran's DRM system and compares it with four leading countries: Japan, the United States, Germany, and New Zealand. The objective is to identify structural and operational gaps in Iran's DRM cycle and propose a context-specific integrated risk governance model. Findings indicate that Iran's DRM system faces critical missing links, including fragmented risk assessment, limited inter-agency coordination, insufficient community engagement, and absence of continuous feedback mechanisms. These shortcomings hinder the translation of risk knowledge into actionable strategies, resulting in a predominantly reactive approach to disaster management. In contrast, the benchmark countries demonstrate effective integration of RM into DRM through structured governance, proactive planning, and adaptive learning. Japan emphasizes community-based scenario planning and continuous learning loops, the United States applies probabilistic risk modeling and federal coordination, Germany integrates systemic risk analysis with policy-driven infrastructure planning, and New Zealand prioritizes participatory governance and social resilience. Based on these insights, Iran can strengthen its DRM by establishing multi-level coordination, embedding systematic risk assessment into planning, enhancing community involvement, and institutionalizing adaptive feedback processes. The use of technological tools, such as GIS-based risk mapping and scenario simulations, alongside education and awareness programs, can further enhance resilience and adaptive capacity. In conclusion, integrating RM into DRM provides a comprehensive and proactive framework for disaster risk reduction. Learning from international best practices and adapting strategies to national and local contexts allows Iran to transform its fragmented DRM system into a cohesive, resilient, and sustainable model. This approach offers actionable guidance for policymakers and disaster management professionals to reduce vulnerabilities, improve preparedness, and ensure effective governance against complex hazards.

کلیدواژه ها:

Disaster Risk Management ، Risk Management Integration ، Crisis Resilience ، Comparative Analysis