Eco-Commercial Performance Evaluation of Supply Chains in Metal, Mining, and Ceramic Industries: A Hybrid Network DEA and System Dynamics Approach

The global transition toward sustainability imposes dual pressures on heavy industries—particularly metal, mining, and ceramics—to reconcile environmental responsibility with commercial viability. These sectors, characterized by high resource consumption and ecological impact, must simultaneously reduce emissions, optimize material flows, and demonstrate economic resilience through metrics like revenue growth, ROA, and market share. However, conventional performance evaluation methods treat eco-efficiency and commercial outcomes as separate domains, failing to capture their dynamic interdependencies and thus limiting strategic insight. To address this gap, this paper introduces an integrated hybrid framework that synergistically combines two-stage Dynamic Network Data Envelopment Analysis (DNDEA) with System Dynamics (SD) modeling. The DNDEA component provides a granular, period-linked assessment: the first stage quantifies green production efficiency by evaluating desirable outputs against resource inputs and undesirable byproducts (e.g., waste, CO₂), while the second stage measures commercial-sales efficiency using financial and market indicators. This networked, temporal structure moves beyond static “black-box” models by incorporating carry-over variables, feedback loops, and robustness against data uncertainty via fuzzy or stochastic extensions. Complementing this micro-level analysis, the SD module functions as a macro-strategic simulator, explicitly modeling nonlinear feedback structures, time delays, stock-flow dynamics, and policy interventions (e.g., carbon taxes, circular economy mandates). By simulating long-term scenarios under technological disruptions or resource volatility, the SD layer transforms efficiency measurement into a forward-looking decision-support tool. Grounded in a systematic review of ۴۶ studies across five thematic clusters—industry-specific challenges, DEA evolution, eco-efficiency metrics, hybrid analytics, and commercial drivers—this framework enables holistic, adaptive strategy formulation for sustainable industrial transformation.

کلیدواژه ها:

Network DEA ، System Dynamics ، Eco-Commercial Evaluation ، Heavy Industries ، Sustainable Supply Chains