Grid-Connected Electric Vehicle Charging: A Comprehensive Review of Power Quality Challenges, International Standards, and Mitigation Strategies

The rapid global adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) is essential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, integrating fast charging stations introduces significant power quality (PQ) challenges to modern distribution networks. These stations heavily rely on non-linear power electronic converters that inject severe electrical disturbances into the grid. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the primary PQ issues caused by EV charging, including harmonic distortions, voltage fluctuations, phase unbalance, and transformer overloading. We analyze these adverse impacts alongside international standards such as IEEE ۵۱۹, IEC ۶۱۰۰۰, and EN ۵۰۱۶۰. Furthermore, the study highlights effective hardware and software mitigation strategies, such as active filtering, smart charging coordination, and bidirectional vehicle-to-grid (V۲G) technologies. By synthesizing the latest research, this review provides a clear understanding of current grid challenges and practical solutions to ensure the reliable and resilient operation of future power systems.

کلیدواژه ها:

Electric vehicles ، Power quality ، Harmonic distortion ، Fast charging stations ، Vehicle-to-grid ، Smart charging ، Mitigation strategies