Associated Etiologies of Enuresis in ۵-to-۱۵-Year-Old-Children

Background: Enuresis is one of the most common problems in children with physical and psychological complications that can disturb their social relationships. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship between enuresis and its associated etiologies in children aged ۵ to ۱۵ years in Zahedan. The study further contributes to an early realization of the parents of children with enuresis-associated problems. Methods: Following a descriptive design, ۲۰۰ children (۵ to ۱۵ years old) suffering from enuresis referred to nephrology and psychiatric clinics in Zahedan in ۲۰۱۹ were recruited. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Of ۲۰۰ children with enuresis, ۱۳۴ (۶۷%) were girls, and ۶۶ (۳۳%) were boys. Also, ۱۷۴ (۸۷%) were aged ۵–۱۰ years, and only ۲۶ (۱۳%) were ۱۰ to ۱۵ years old. Birth weight of ۱۷۲ (۸۶%) children was ۲۵۰۰–۴۰۰۰ g, ۲۰ (۱۰%) were under ۲۵۰۰g, and only ۸ (۴%) were over ۴۰۰۰ g. Fecal incontinence was observed in ۹۹ cases (۴۹%), and ۱۰۱ (۵۱%) did not have fecal incontinence. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was found in ۸۰ (۴۰%) cases. For ۱۴۴ (۷۲%) children, we found no stress, and ۵۶ children (۲۸%) had stress. Urinary tract infection was observed in ۱۴۲ children (۷۱%). According to imaging studies, ۳۴ children (۱۷%) with enuresis had congenital kidney abnormalities and ۱۶۶ (۸۳%) had no kidney problems. Conclusions: The significant etiologies typically found in the onset of enuresis and its exacerbation can be controlled or treated. Since the complications of enuresis have not been properly clarified for families, it is of crucial importance to increase awareness about this health problem.