Meta-Analysis Review: Empowering Parents and Nurses in Facing Caregiving Challenges

Introduction The increasing complexity of pediatric healthcare necessitates active involvement and empowerment of parents and nurses to optimize child outcomes. Empowerment interventions aim to enhance knowledge, skills, and confidence in caregiving, addressing challenges posed by chronic illness, acute emergencies, and psychosocial stressors. This meta-analysis synthesizes recent evidence on empowerment programs for parents and pediatric nurses, evaluating their effects on self-efficacy, stress reduction, quality of care, and patient health. Methods A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies published between January ۲۰۱۹ and December ۲۰۲۴. Keywords included “empowerment," "parents," "nurses," "pediatrics," and "caregiving challenges." Inclusion criteria were quantitative studies assessing empowerment interventions with measurable outcomes such as parental self-efficacy, caregiver stress, quality of care, and child health indicators. Out of ۱۲۵ articles screened, ۱۱ studies (total N = ۶,۸۷۰) met eligibility criteria. Standardized mean differences (SMD) with ۹۵% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to determine effect sizes. Results Parental Empowerment: Programs including educational workshops, peer-support groups, and digital platforms improved parental self-efficacy (SMD = ۰.۴۶; ۹۵% CI: ۰.۳۲-۰.۵۹; p ۰.۰۰۱), reduced stress, and enhanced adherence to care plans (Wulandari et al., ۲۰۲۱). The most significant impact was observed among parents of children with chronic or complex health conditions. Nurse Empowerment: Interventions focusing on professional growth, crisis simulation, and resilience training increased job satisfaction and care quality among pediatric nurses (SMD = ۰.۳۹; ۹۵% CI: ۰.۲۱-۰.۵۶; p ۰.۰۰۱) (Smith et al., ۲۰۲۲). Nurses reported improved confidence in crisis management and family-centered care. Combined Parent-Nurse Empowerment: Collaborative models engaging parents and nurses yielded optimal patient health outcomes and satisfaction levels (Kim & Lee, ۲۰۲۳). Heterogeneity among studies was moderate (I² = ۵۲%), reflecting intervention design and outcome measures differences. Conclusion Empowerment interventions targeting parents and nurses significantly improve caregiving effectiveness in pediatric settings. Benefits include enhanced self-efficacy, reduced stress, better adherence to treatment plans, and improved quality of care. Integrating such evidence-based approaches into pediatric healthcare systems can strengthen caregiver resilience and achieve superior child health outcomes. Future research should aim to standardize empowerment definitions, extend follow-up durations, and explore cost-effectiveness to support broader implementation.

کلیدواژه ها:

empowerment ، parents ، nurses ، pediatrics ، caregiving challenges