Automatic solar tracker for low-power applications

With the ever-increasing use of renewable energy sources-particularly solar energy-the implementation of systems to enhance the efficiency of photovoltaic panels has become a significant area of research. One of the most effective methods for boosting the efficiency of solar systems is the use of automatic solar trackers; by tracking the sun's position throughout the day, these devices ensure the solar panel maintains an optimal angle of incidence. In low-power applications—such as Internet of Things (IoT) systems, remote sensing stations, standalone lighting systems, smart agricultural equipment, and wireless sensors-the use of solar trackers can lead to a substantial increase in energy generation and a reduction in required battery capacity. This article examines the structure and operation of an automated solar tracker suitable for low-power applications. The key components—including LDR light sensors, a microcontroller, a servomotor, and a solar panel-are introduced, and the operation of the control algorithm is described. Additionally, the study reviews various types of solar trackers, their advantages and limitations, efficiency-influencing parameters, and the mathematical relationships governing the angle of incidence and power output. Finally, the results of recent research regarding efficiency gains in solar tracking systems are analyzed, and the design challenges associated with low- power systems are discussed. A review of studies indicates that the use of solar trackers in low-power systems can boost energy production by ۲۰% to ۴۰%, depending on climatic conditions and the type of tracker. Furthermore, advancements in artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things (IoT), and intelligent control algorithms have paved the way for the development of a new generation of solar trackers characterized by very low energy consumption.

کلیدواژه ها:

Solar tracker ، solar panel ، photovoltaic ، low power ، Internet of Things (IoT) ، renewable energy ، LDR ، servo motor ، microcontroller