Artificial Intelligence in Language Learning and Teaching: Opportunities, Challenges, and Pedagogical Directions

Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI), especially large language models (LLMs), automated speech recognition (ASR), adaptive learning systems, and learning analytics, have significantly reshaped second language education. This review synthesizes empirical and review studies published between ۲۰۲۳ and ۲۰۲۵ to examine how AI supports personalized instruction, autonomous learning, writing development, oral practice, pronunciation assessment, and scalable feedback. The paper also highlights key risks, including hallucination, bias, privacy concerns, and overreliance on automated tools. Findings suggest that AI is most effective when used as a teacher-mediated support system rather than as a standalone instructional substitute. To address practical classroom needs, the paper proposes a human-in-the-loop framework for integrating AI into language teaching and learning.

کلیدواژه ها:

Artificial Intelligence ، Language Education ، Second Language Learning ، Generative AI ، Automated Writing Evaluation ، Teacher Mediation