A Review of Translation of Non-standard Vocabularies in the Book Alice's Adventures in Wonder Land by Lewis Carroll Based on the Newmark Theory

This study investigated the translation of non-standard vocabulary in Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland into Persian, examining the strategies employed and their impact on the translations' acceptability. The research was guided by two primary questions: how non-standard linguistic features are rendered, and how these choices affect the target text's reception. A qualitative, comparative design was adopted, utilizing a parallel corpus of the English source text and two contemporary Persian translations by Hossein Shahrabi (T۱) and Zoya Pirzad (T۲). A ۱۰۰-page linguistically rich excerpt, dense with wordplay, neologisms, and grammatical creativity, was selected from each text. The data analysis employed Peter Newmark's taxonomy of translation strategies to categorize the translators' approaches. The findings revealed a fundamental divergence in methodology. T۱ consistently demonstrated a semantic-oriented approach, prioritizing fidelity to the source text through strategies like literal translation and transference, which often preserved the original's foreignness at the expense of immediate Persian readability. In contrast, T۲ exhibited a communicative-oriented approach, frequently utilizing adaptation, cultural equivalence, and paraphrase to enhance cultural resonance and stylistic naturalness for a Persian-speaking audience. The study concluded that the translation of non-standard language is a site of significant negotiation between adequacy and acceptability. While the semantic approach (T۱) maintained a closer formal relationship to Carroll's inventive text, the communicative approach (T۲) achieved higher levels of fluency and immediate comprehensibility. This stark contrast underscored how translational priorities directly shape a literary work's character and reception in the target culture, with T۲'s strategy aligning more closely with the norms of acceptability in Persian literary tradition. The research highlights the enduring relevance of Newmark's framework in analyzing literary translations, particularly for texts characterized by linguistic deviation and innovation.

کلیدواژه ها:

Translation Studies ، Non-standard Vocabulary ، Alice's Adventures in Wonderland ، Peter Newmark ، Semantic Translation ، Communicative Translation