A Cognitive-Pragmatic approach to translating metaphors and translation strategies in Orwell's Animal Farm

This article investigates metaphor translation from a cognitive pragmatic perspective and classifies different types of metaphors and different translation strategies used in translation of cognitive and pragmatic metaphors. The main data are drawn from George Orwell's Animal Farm and its Persian translation by Saleh Hosseini and Masoomeh Nabizadeh (۲۰۰۳). The Article is based on cognitive pragmatic theory and the metaphor strategies proposed by Lackoff and Johnson (۱۹۸۰) and Chesterman and Wagner's (۲۰۰۲) model. Metaphor has been broadly studied in Translation Studies, especially in relation to translatability and transfer methods. Because linguistic and cultural differences can make metaphor translation difficult, several strategies have been proposed, e.g., reproducing, deleting, replacing, interpersonal change, illocutionary change. This study shows that despite the fact that metaphors used to be seen only as rhetorical devices, recent work in cognitive and pragmatic theories proposed that they play a central role in everyday understanding. Metaphors are seen as a basic cognitive tool through which more abstract concepts are built from more concrete ones. The study surveys that how experts use metaphors to communicate complex scientific ideas that non-experts might otherwise find difficult to understand. It states that translation and speech acts share many common features: both are communicative acts that occur within a specific sociocultural context and depend largely on linguistic choices grounded in an underlying cognitive framework. Cognitive theories of metaphor (Lakoff & Johnson, ۲۰۰۳) have shown that metaphors are not merely decorative or cultural symbols, but cognitive phenomena that help people categorize and make sense of experience.

کلیدواژه ها:

Metaphor ، Cognitive pragmatic Approach ، Translation Strategies ، Animal Farm