A Scenario-Based Multi-Objective Mathematical Model for the Location-Allocation of Facilities in a Sustainable and Resilient Health Tourism Supply Chain

Objective: Given the rapid expansion of the health tourism industry and the imperative to ensure service continuity under abnormal and disruptive conditions, the design of a supply chain that simultaneously incorporates sustainability and resilience considerations has become critical. This study aims to develop an integrated decision-making framework for the optimal location–allocation of primary and backup facilities within a health tourism supply chain. Methodology: To this end, a scenario-based multi-objective mathematical model is proposed that concurrently addresses conflicting objectives, including the maximization of overall profitability, sustainability performance (encompassing environmental and social dimensions), resilience and efficiency of network flows, and the minimization of unmet demand. The proposed formulation is structured as a multi-echelon model, wherein, at the first level, sustainability and resilience scores, along with inherent uncertainties in demand, capacity, and potential disruptions, are quantified using the fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and subsequently incorporated into the mathematical model. To solve the model and derive optimal solutions, a normalization-based aggregation approach is employed to transform the multi-objective structure into an equivalent single-objective formulation. The applicability and validity of the proposed model are demonstrated through a real-world case study in the health tourism sector of Qom. Results: The results indicate that the model is capable of generating balanced and implementable solutions that effectively control costs while ensuring a desirable level of sustainable and resilient performance across various scenarios. Conclusion: The proposed framework can serve as a robust decision-support tool for managers and policymakers to design supply chain networks that are resilient, cost-efficient, and environmentally sustainable.

کلیدواژه ها:

Location–allocation ، health tourism supply chain ، resilience ، sustainability ، Multi-objective optimization