Promoting Vaccine Uptake in Epidemics: A Model Emerging From the COVID-۱۹ Pandemic

Background: COVID-۱۹ pandemic exposed both the critical role of vaccines and the challenges to their uptake, such as hesitancy, misinformation, and structural barriers. Existing strategies often lack integration and adaptability during crises. There's a clear need for an evidence-based, expert-informed model that unifies behavioral, structural, and policy approaches to guide vaccination efforts during epidemics.Aim: This research aimed to develop a multidimensional, consensus-based model for promoting vaccination during epidemics.Method: A mixed-methods design was conducted in three phases. First, a systematic scoping review identified global strategies for promoting vaccination during epidemics. In the second phase, a three-round Delphi study was carried out with ۳۰ experts. In the third phase, dynamic modeling was employed using Python.Results: A total of ۱۳۱ unique strategies were identified and categorized into six domains: Provision, Promotion, Public Awareness, People, Preconditions, and Prizes. Common recommendations included improving access, transparent communication, and culturally tailored campaigns. A Delphi study resulted in consensus on ۴۶ strategies, that ۲۸ received strong agreement. The highest-ranked strategies focused on large-scale promotional campaigns, use of visual media, accurate information dissemination, and prioritizing vulnerable groups. Dynamic modeling identified the Promotion and Provision domains as the highest-priority categories across multiple evaluation scenarios. Implications for Practice: The proposed model provides a dynamic, evidence-based framework for promoting vaccination during epidemics. By incorporating real-time adaptability, expert consensus, and socio-cultural responsiveness, it addresses limitations of static models and provides a practical tool for policymakers.

کلیدواژه ها:

vaccination promotion ، Vaccine Hesitancy ، epidemic response ، Delphi Method ، systems modeling ، Health Communication