Climate Change and Water Resources: Challenges, Adaptation Strategies, and Technological Innovations

Climate change is disrupting the global water cycle and increasing uncertainty in hydrological prediction. Shifting precipitation patterns, altered storage dynamics, and changes in the timing of water availability are intensifying existing pressures related to population growth, urban expansion, and agricultural demand. This paper critically reviews key concepts in sustainable water resources management and examines their practical application under changing climatic conditions. Particular attention is given to Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM), adaptive and resilience-based planning frameworks, and ecosystem-based strategies. In addition, the study highlights the growing role of technological innovations, including remote sensing, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), smart monitoring networks, and advances in desalination and wastewater treatment. By integrating conceptual frameworks with technological tools, the paper proposes a coherent perspective for enhancing water security and strengthening the resilience of water management systems in the face of climate variability and long-term change.

کلیدواژه ها:

Climate change ، Water resources management ، Adaptation strategies ، Emerging technologies ، Water security ، Hydrological impacts