Trend and Geographical Distribution of Diabetes Mellitus Mortality Attributed to Air Pollution in Iran from ۱۹۹۰ To ۲۰۲۱

Introduction: The escalating incidence and mortality rates of diabetes, coupled with the growing threat of air pollution, pose a substantial threat to public health in Iran. This study seeks to examine the geographical distribution and temporal trends of diabetes-related deaths specifically linked to air pollution across the country. Methods: Utilizing data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, we employed Joinpoint regression analysis to identify significant shifts in the mortality trends of type ۲ diabetes mellitus (T۲DM) linked to air pollution. Furthermore, spatial distribution patterns for the year ۲۰۲۱ were mapped and analyzed using ArcMap GIS v.۱۰. Results: The mortality rate of T۲DM attributable to air pollution in Iran exhibited an upward trend between ۱۹۹۰ and ۲۰۱۹, after which a subsequent decline was observed from ۲۰۱۹ to ۲۰۲۱. The highest annual percentage change in females occurred between ۲۰۱۱ and ۲۰۱۶ (۵.۱۳۴, ۹۵% UI: ۴.۷۰۴–۵.۵۶۳), whereas in males, it occurred between ۲۰۱۲ and ۲۰۱۵ (۶.۲۷۵, ۹۵% UI: ۴.۸۶۷–۶.۹۳۴). The highest average annual percentage change in females was observed in Gilan (۴.۴۲۷, ۹۵% UI: ۴.۳۰۵–۴.۵۳۵), and in males, it was observed in Bushehr (۴.۱۲۵, ۹۵% UI: ۳.۸۷۳–۴.۳۲۰). Geographical analysis revealed that in ۲۰۲۱, Tehran and Khuzestan had the highest mortality rates, whereas the lowest rates were recorded in Zanjan, Kohgiluyeh, and Boyer-Ahmad for females and Kohgiluyeh, Boyer-Ahmad, and Hamadan for males. Conclusion: These findings highlight the continued need for stronger environmental control measures, especially in high-risk areas, to further reduce the burden of air pollution-related diabetes mortality in Iran.

کلیدواژه ها:

Diabetes Mellitus ، Environmental Pollution ، Mortality ، Chronic Disease ، Public Health ، Iran.