The study of neural relationships and language & speech brain structures in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Background and Aim: Autism Spectrum Disorder is one of the common developmental disorders that affect child's Social and Communicational Interactions. Autism leads to impaired communicational functions (speech and language) through impairment in functional communication of areas of the brain which leads to impaired communication functions. The children with Autism damage the life quality of themselves and their family due to their communicational problems. The first step in increasing the life quality of each person is accurate diagnosis of the autism. Since the prevalence of autism is on the rise and it is affecting the health system, diagnosis the damaged neural structure of autism is an important issue. So the therapist can design evidence-based plan based on damaged neural structures and improve communicational disorder symptoms. In this study we decide to study damaged neural structures in autism in order to help Speech and language pathologists and other specialists. Methods The present study was conducted using articles published from ۲۰۰۰ to ۲۰۱۹ by searching databases including PubMed, Science direct, Scopus, Google scholar and Library Resources. The keywords are: "Autism", "neural pathway", "network", "cognition", "speech disorders" and "communication" and then related articles were selected and used in this review Results: The study of neural relationships and language & speech brain structures in autism Conclusion the studies showed that there are poor neural functions in the volume of white and gray matter of the brain in Autism children and also the prefrontal cortex, prefrontal dorsolateral, Amygdala, Hippocampus, Broca and Vernica's area is damaged. Several factors create neural underlying the linguistic deficits of autism, Also it is an impaired aural speech representational system arising from imbalanced excitatory, inhibitory processes of the neurons. Neurobiological profile is related to the impaired social- communication brain in autism, such as (verbal and nonverbal) includes using stereotyped, repetitive language and difficulty in initiating or sustaining a conversation with others. The challenge is to understand the obstacles to their acquisition of normal speech and language abilities. So based on the damaged area in autism, treatment by a team including speech and language therapist, occupational therapist and psychotherapist is necessary because several communicational and social aspect is damaged. Speech and language is important during our communication when it is disrupted with any etiology such as autism and malfunctioning of its network connections. The individuals with autism can't store and transfer information during day life communication so it is essential to understand these regions for better planning and treating patient

کلیدواژه ها:

Autism ، neural pathway ، network ، speech disorders ، communication