Smart Packaging Innovations for Sustainable Food Rations

In military missions, maintaining food shelf life, nutritional value, and safety under extreme environmental conditions is a critical challenge. This systematic review investigates recent innovations in smart and sustainable packaging designed specifically for military food rations. The study identifies active and intelligent packaging techniques integrating nanotechnology, colorimetric sensors, and biodegradable materials, highlighting their capacity to extend shelf life, improve transportability, and ensure safety. These advancements offer transformative strategies for developing durable, energy-dense rations that meet the demanding conditions of military and emergency settings.