A Review of New Technologies and Materials in Desulfurization of Fuels

The presence of sulfur compounds in fossil fuels is one of the most important environmental and technological challenges in the energy industry, because these compounds cause air pollution, acid rain, corrosion of equipment, and a decrease in fuel quality by producing a variety of sulfur oxides. With the strictness of international standards and the requirement to achieve ultra-clean fuels with sulfur less than ۱۰ ppm, the development and use of new desulfurization technologies has become doubly important. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the principles, benefits, limitations, and perspectives of common and emerging desulfurization technologies. Initially, the process of hydrodesulfurization (HDS) is introduced as the dominant industrial technology and the challenges associated with resistant aromatic compounds are described. Then, new technologies including selective oxidation (ODS), adsorption (ADS), liquid-liquid extraction with ionic solvents, nanotechnology and biodesulfurization are analyzed and the reaction mechanism, efficiency, operational requirements and industrialization capability of each are explained. The results of the review show that although HDS is still the main technology of refineries, combining it with new methods such as ODS, nanocatalysts, or BDS is an effective solution to achieve clean and sustainable fuels.

کلیدواژه ها:

Fuel desulfurization ، Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) ، Selective oxidation (ODS) ، Nanocatalysts ، Biodesulfurization