Modern Methods in Antiserum Production: A Systematic Review

Antiserum, traditionally derived from immunized animals and containing polyclonal antibodies, has been a cornerstone in diagnostics, therapeutics, and research for over a century [۸۳]. However, advancements in biotechnology have revolutionized antiserum production, shifting from conventional animal-based methods to innovative techniques such as recombinant antibody engineering, phage display, single B cell cloning, and monoclonal antibody (mAb) production [۱, ۶]. This systematic review synthesizes evidence from peer-reviewed literature on these modern methods, evaluating their efficacy, scalability, ethical considerations, and applications in medicine. A comprehensive search across databases like PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus yielded ۱,۲۵۶ articles, of which ۱۵۲ met inclusion criteria after screening. Key findings highlight the superiority of recombinant methods in producing consistent, high-affinity antibodies with reduced immunogenicity, particularly for therapeutic use [۳, ۱۵]. Phage display and single B cell technologies enable rapid isolation of specific antibodies [۹, ۱۰], while advances in polyclonal recombinant antibodies mimic natural immune responses [۲۰]. Challenges include high production costs and regulatory hurdles, but future directions point toward AI integration and plant-based expression systems [۲۹]. This review underscores the transition to humane, efficient antiserum production, offering insights for researchers and clinicians.

کلیدواژه ها:

Antiserum production ، monoclonal antibodies ، recombinant antibodies ، phage display ، single B cell cloning ، biotechnology advances ، systematic review