Economic Policy Analysis for Reducing Transport and Supply Chain Impacts on Agricultural Sustainability: A Systematic Review (۲۰۱۰–۲۰۲۵)

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyse how economic policy instruments can reduce the environmental and economic impacts of transport and supply chain operations on agricultural sustainability. The research seeks to identify the most effective policy mechanisms that balance productivity, cost-efficiency, and ecological performance in agriculture-related logistics and distribution systems. Methods: A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted following PRISMA ۲۰۲۰ guidelines. Studies published between ۲۰۱۰ and ۲۰۲۵ were retrieved from Scopus, Web of Science, and SpringerLink. Keywords included “agricultural sustainability”, “transport emissions”, “supply chain efficiency” and “green logistics”. After screening and eligibility checks, ۹۲ studies were selected. Data extraction focused on the types of economic policies implemented, their quantitative and qualitative impacts, and regional policy variations. A thematic synthesis was applied to identify recurring patterns, success factors, and gaps in existing policy frameworks. Results: The review found that economic instruments such as carbon taxes, fuel pricing reforms, and subsidies for low-emission logistics technologies significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enhance resource efficiency in agricultural transport systems. Supply chain coordination policies and investment in green infrastructure also contributed to reduced post-harvest losses and improved cost-efficiency. However, policy effectiveness varied across regions depending on governance quality, institutional capacity, and market integration. Conclusion: Achieving sustainable agricultural logistics requires a coherent mix of economic policies that align transport efficiency with environmental goals. Policymakers should focus on integrating economic incentives with technological innovation, regulatory frameworks, and stakeholder engagement to build resilient and low-carbon agricultural supply chains. The findings provide a policy roadmap for harmonizing agricultural productivity with environmental sustainability through targeted economic measures.

کلیدواژه ها:

Agricultural sustainability ، Transport emissions ، Supply chain management ، Green logistics ، Carbon pricing