Smart Sensor-Based Medical Devices for Enhancing Safety and Preventing Healthcare-Associated Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background and Objective: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) remain a major challenge in clinical settings, often linked to contaminated or mismanaged medical devices. Smart sensor-based medical devices offer real-time monitoring and enhanced patient safety. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate applications and effectiveness of smart sensor technologies in preventing HAIs and improving device safety. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic and meta-analysis was conducted by searching in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and IEEE Xplore for articles published between ۲۰۱۴ and ۲۰۲۵. After screening and applying inclusion criteria, ۳۴ high-quality studies were selected. Results: Among the studies, ۶۵% focused on real-time contamination detection, ۵۸% on automated sterilization alerts, and ۴۲% on patient outcome improvements. Common smart devices included sensor-equipped catheters, ventilators, infusion pumps, and surgical instruments. Devices monitored usage, sterility, and microbial contamination. Integration with hospital systems enabled early intervention, reduced HAIs, and optimized workflows. Reported infection reduction ranged ۲۵–۴۰%, while compliance and safety improved. Conclusion: Smart sensor-based devices have significant potential to enhance patient safety and prevent HAIs. Future research should focus on large-scale implementation, interoperability, and standardized evaluation protocols to maximize clinical benefits.

کلیدواژه ها:

Smart sensors ، medical devices ، healthcare-associated infections ، patient safety ، infection prevention