The Role of Wearable Devices in Enhancing Self-Care and Treatment Adherence in Adolescents with Type ۱ Diabetes: A Narrative Review

Type ۱ diabetes mellitus (T۱DM) requires continuous and complex self-management, particularly during adolescence, a developmental period often associated with reduced treatment adherence due to physiological, psychological, and social challenges. In recent years, wearable technologies have emerged as important tools for supporting diabetes management in this population. This narrative review aims to examine the role of wearable devices—including continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems, insulin delivery technologies, and related digital tools—in improving self-management and treatment adherence among adolescents with T۱DM. A targeted search of peer-reviewed literature was conducted across major scientific databases, focusing on studies involving individuals aged approximately ۱۰–۱۹ years. The reviewed evidence includes a range of clinical and observational studies assessing glycemic outcomes, self-care behaviors, adherence patterns, and psychosocial impacts. Overall, the findings suggest that wearable devices are associated with improved recognition of glycemic trends, increased time in target glucose range, and more informed decision-making regarding insulin dosing, diet, and physical activity. In addition, several studies report positive psychosocial effects, including reduced fear of hypoglycemia and enhanced perceived control over disease management. However, the evidence also highlights important challenges, such as alert fatigue, device burden, aesthetic concerns, and financial limitations, which may influence long-term adherence and equitable access. In conclusion, wearable technologies represent a valuable component of diabetes care in adolescents, particularly when integrated with structured education, family support, and professional guidance. Nevertheless, variability in study designs and reported outcomes underscores the need for further high-quality research to better define their long-term effectiveness and accessibility.

کلیدواژه ها:

Wearable Devices ، Self-Care ، Treatment Adherence ، Type ۱ Diabetes ، Adolescents