Freight Transport on Passenger Transit Systems: A Review of Global Experiences and Lessons Learned for Developing Countries

This paper critiques what is happening around the world, in relation to moving freight on passenger transit systems (a model sometimes referred to as Freight on Transit: FOT), looking for learning points for emerging urban logistics scenarios in developing economies. The objectives are to classify the FOT models, discuss the advantages and disadvantages, and come up with a flexible approach for their deployment in cities such as Tehran, which have limited infrastructure and regulations. By adopting a semi-systematic review approach, the research reviews sources in English and Persian published between ۲۰۰۰ and ۲۰۲۵ in international and peer-reviewed journals, case studies, and reports. Thematic analysis includes the operational models, types of systems, and policy objectives. FOT models in the metro, bus, and crowdshipping systems. The review develops a taxonomy of FOT models in the metro, bus, and crowdshipping systems, including off-peak use and designating areas. The results indicate measurable benefits, including ۱۰-۳۰% decreases in emissions and congestion through more efficient capacity sharing, as well as challenges such as regulatory restrictions and public acceptance. Highlights include) a global application spectrum and (iv) step-by-step approach focusing on demand analysis, legal considerations, operational models with ICT solutions, and performance indicators for efficiency improvements. Innovations offer triangulation strategies and low-cost adaptations for policymakers in the developing world. Simulation modeling and behavioral studies should be considered for future research to enhance FOT scale-up.

کلیدواژه ها:

Sustainable Mobility ، Urban Freight ، Public Transit Integration ، Developing Countries