Gallic Acid Mitigates Carrageenan-Induced Acute Paw Edema in Rats through Antioxidant Activity and Modulation of NF-κB, COX-۲, and Proinflammatory Cytokines

This research project was conducted to assess the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms of gallic acid (GA) in a rat model of paw edema triggered by carrageenan (Carr). In this experimental investigation, ۴۲ adults male Wistar rats were casually sorted to make six experimental groups. Group I received normal saline (NS). Group II received NS before the Carr injection. Group III was treated with indomethacin (IND) prior to Carr injection. Groups IV-VI received GA at increasing doses before the Carr administration. By analyzing oxidative stress indicators, inflammatory signaling pathways, and serum cytokine levels, the regulating properties of GA on Carr-stimulated rat paw inflammation were ascertained. The levels of cyclooxygenase-۲ (COX-۲), prostaglandin E۲ (PGE۲), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were all meaningfully reduced by GA. Additionally, GA increased interleukin-۱۰ secretions and enhanced the activation of glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase besides glutathione content. Gallic acid meaningfully reduced paw edema triggered via Carr injection in rats, indicating a robust acute anti-inflammatory effect. Moreover, it suppressed Carr-induced inflammation through its antioxidative properties.

کلیدواژه ها:

gallic acid ، carrageenan ، Antioxidant ، NF-κB ، TNF-α