Metaverse in education: opportunities, challenges, and a conceptual framework for integration

The Metaverse has an immersive, persistent, and interconnected virtual environment emerged as a transformative tool in education. By combining virtual and physical realities, it enables experiential learning, collaboration, and personalized instruction. This paper reviews international and domestic studies, analyzing pedagogical potentials, technological prerequisites, ethical and managerial challenges. A conceptual framework is proposed for sustainable integration into formal education systems. Findings suggest that Metaverse can enhance engagement, learning outcomes, and accessibility. Nevertheless, issues such as infrastructure costs, digital divide, privacy concerns, and teacher readiness remain significant barriers.

کلیدواژه ها:

Metaverse ، immersive learning ، virtual reality ، augmented reality ، educational technology ، collaborative learning