The Impact of Graphene-Based Nanomaterials and Engineered Nanoparticles on the Gut Microbiome and Therapeutic Applications in Inflammatory Bowel and Liver Diseases

Graphene-based nanomaterials have attracted extensive attention in medicine, drug delivery, diagnostics, and biotechnology due to their unique physicochemical properties. These materials can influence the composition and function of the gut microbiome through direct interaction with bacterial cell membranes, induction of oxidative stress, and alteration of microbial gene expression. Conversely, engineered nanoparticles such as HABN and PEG@SN-MNs show promising therapeutic potential in inflammatory diseases by targeting inflamed tissues, restoring intestinal barrier integrity, and modulating immune responses. This paper systematically reviews the mechanisms of interaction between nanomaterials and the gut ecosystem, potential adverse effects of nanoparticles used in the food industry, and emerging applications of nanotechnology in the treatment of chronic liver and gut-related disorders.

کلیدواژه ها:

Graphene nanomaterials ، Gut microbiome ، Inflammatory bowel disease ، Nanotherapy ، Chronic liver disease