A Computational Overview on Low-Level Laser Therapy: Mechanisms, Applications, and Challenges

Phototherapy, particularly using Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT), is an effective alternative to many surgical and healing treatments aimed at tissue repair. This method, also known as Photobiomodulation (PBM), has numerous applications in various medical fields, including orthopedics and physiotherapy, dentistry, neuroscience and psychiatry, and dermatology. For example, PBM is used in physiotherapy for healing lumbar vertebrae and improving the treatment of intervertebral disc disease. LLLT utilizes monochromatic light (such as red and near-infrared light) and produces non-thermal photochemical effects. This characteristic makes it suitable for enhancing tissue repair, reducing edema and pain, and healing wounds. Physically, its function depends on the electromagnetic spectrum of light, the applied power and energy, as well as the corresponding frequency and wavelength in the spectrum. The aim of this review article is to examine the development process of LLLT, its advancements, key mechanisms, and also the challenges and recommendations for improving this novel therapeutic approach.

کلیدواژه ها:

Photobiomodulation (PBM) ، Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) ، Chromophore ، Mitochondria ، Biphasic Response ، Standardization