Background:
Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent in both human and veterinary medicine, known for its potent antitumor effects. However, its clinical application is limited by multiple dose-dependent toxicities, including nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and ototoxicity. In veterinary oncology, cisplatin has been employed in dogs and horses for various malignancies, while its use in cats is contraindicated due to fatal pulmonary reactions. Experimental mouse models have been instrumental in elucidating cisplatin’s toxicological mechanisms and evaluating protective strategies. Methods: This review was conducted through a comprehensive literature search using databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, SID, Magiran, Civilica, and IranMedex. Keywords included “Cisplatin”, “Veterinary Medicine”, “Laboratory Animals”, “Dog”, “Cat”, and “Horse”. Relevant studies were selected based on scientific rigor and relevance to cisplatin’s therapeutic applications and toxicological profiles across species. Results:
Cisplatin has demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in canine osteosarcoma, transitional cell carcinoma, and oral melanomas, with various administration routes and adjunctive protocols. In horses, intratumoral cisplatin emulsions have shown success in treating cutaneous tumors. Murine models have effectively replicated cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity, providing insights into dose-response relationships and histopathological changes. In contrast, cisplatin is contraindicated in cats due to rapid-onset pulmonary toxicity. Conclusion:
Cisplatin remains a valuable agent in oncology, with species-specific considerations in veterinary practice. Experimental models continue to advance understanding of its toxicities and support the development of safer protocols. Future research should focus on refining dosing strategies, exploring alternative platinum compounds, and enhancing translational relevance across species.