Small RNA-Mediated Transgenerational Inheritance of Learned Behavior in Caenorhabditis elegans: Mechanisms and Implications

Background: C. elegans meet bad bugs. Worms learn to keep away. This new skill goes from mom to kid, through small RNA. At first, this was found with PA۱۴, a bug found in sick folks. It was not clear if this skill had use in wild worms, since PA۱۴ is rare. The big ask was: Do bugs that live with worms in the wild make worms learn & pass this skill on? Methods: This review synthesizes and evaluates current evidence from foundational and recent studies (e.g., Moore et al., ۲۰۲۲; Posner et al., ۲۰۲۳; Kaletsky & Murphy, ۲۰۲۴) to analyze the molecular pathways, evolutionary significance, and potential outcomes of bacterially induced behavioral inheritance in C. elegans. Results: Many works now show that bugs found in worm homes, like Pseudomonas vranovensis GRb۰۴۲۷ (Bigb۰۱۷), make worms learn to keep away & share the skill for at least four child lines. Worms need bug tiny RNA, like Pv۱ & P۱۱, for this. Worms take the RNA, it hits worm nerve genes like maco-۱, & uses the worm’s own RNA gear (HRDE-۱, WAGO-۱, CSR-۱, RDE-۳) to send the skill to kids. These same parts work with both sick-house bugs (PA۱۴) & wild home bugs (GRb۰۴۲۷). This shows that the RNA move is not just a lab trick. It works in wild homes too. Conclusion: Worms & their tiny bugs can change mind links, which stay and pass on as small RNA. Worms show that a learned act, from world to worm, can last and be shared with kids, not just in labs but in real homes. This new way for skills to pass fast may shape how worms fight bugs, learn, & how bugs in worms help send new acts through many worm lives. This gives new ideas on growth, fast change, and how bugs inside can shape lives in all animals.

کلیدواژه ها:

Caenorhabditis elegans ، Transgenerational Inheritance ، small RNA ، Avoidance Behavior ، Host-Microbiome Interaction