Bacteriophages as Virus-Like Particle Vaccines: A Promising Approach in Vaccine Development

Background: One of the foremost challenges in global public health is the development of safe and effective vaccines commonly used vaccines often have limitations and problems such as difficulty in production, safety, and instability. Bacteriophage-based virus-like particles (VLPs) due to their high stability, safety, and customizable antigen presentation capabilities have emerged as a promising platform in modern vaccine technology. Methods: In this review evaluates recent advances in the use of bacteriophage-derived VLPs in vaccine design industry. Relevant source was analyzed to assess the immunogenicity, structural versatility, and production efficiency of phage-based VLP vaccines. Results: Recent studies have shown that bacteriophage-derived virus-like particles (VLPs), particularly those based on MS۲, Qβ, and T۴ phages, can efficiently display antigenic epitopes from a variety of pathogens, including influenza virus, SARS-CoV-۲, and human papillomavirus (HPV). These particles without the need for adjuvants elicit robust humoral and cellular immune responses. Furthermore, their ease of genetic modification allows rapid adaptation for emerging infectious diseases. Conclusion: Bacteriophage-based VLPs represent a versatile, safe, and affordable approach in vaccine development. Their potential in preventing infectious diseases and even cancer highlights their importance in next-generation immunization strategies.

کلیدواژه ها:

Bacteriophages ، Virus-like particles ، Vaccines ، Immunogenicity ، Biotechnology