A Paradigm Shift in Managing Hip Dysplasia: A Systematic Review of Predictive Diagnostics and Multimodal Therapies in Canine and Feline Patients

Hip dysplasia (HD) remains a familiar and often frustrating problem in small animal practice. Although its basic pathology has been known for decades, recent work has shifted attention away from the traditional emphasis on joint shape alone and toward the real driver of the disease early joint laxity during growth. This change in perspective has practical consequences: it alters how we screen young animals and how we decide which patients may benefit from early intervention before osteoarthritis (OA) becomes established. To review this evolving field, I examined studies published in recent years through PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect, and incorporated older landmark papers where they were necessary for context. Only peer-reviewed sources and clinical guidelines were included. Current evidence suggests that laxity-based methods such as PennHIP are more reliable than conventional extended view radiography for predicting future OA, especially in young dogs. In parallel with these diagnostic advances, management has moved toward combining multiple approaches keeping body weight under control, adjusting activity, structured physiotherapy, and when needed, targeted pharmacologic treatment. The introduction of anti–nerve growth factor monoclonal antibodies has also added a valuable option for long-term pain control. For patients that fail conservative treatment, total hip replacement continues to provide the most consistent return to comfortable function. Overall, the management of HD is gradually becoming more proactive. Earlier identification of laxity and a tailored therapeutic plan rather than a uniform “wait and see” approach offers a better chance of maintaining longterm mobility for affected dogs and cats.

کلیدواژه ها:

hip dysplasia ، joint laxity ، PennHIP ، osteoarthritis ، multimodal therapy ، total hip replacement