Biomarkers in Disease Diagnosis: A Systematic Review

Biomarkers have emerged as essential tools in modern medicine for early disease detection, prognosis, and personalized treatment. This systematic review examines advancements (۲۰۱۵–۲۰۲۵) in molecular, genetic, and proteomic biomarkers across various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and metabolic syndromes. Analytical techniques, clinical applications, and limitations of biomarker implementation in diagnostic practice are discussed. Future directions for improving diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes are highlighted.

کلیدواژه ها:

Biomarkers ، Disease Diagnosis ، Molecular Biomarkers ، Proteomics ، Precision Medicine ، Systematic Review