Sustainable solutions for entomoremediation organic waste into food and fertilizer using black soldier fly larvae

Black soldier fly larvae offer an innovative solution to the escalating global problem of organic trash, which adversely affects both ecosystems and economies. The black soldier fly, a non–pest dipteran belonging to the Stratiomyidae family, is a world leader in the breakdown of organic waste, converting it into useful residue and biomass. This study investigates the process by which black soldier fly larvae transform organic waste into valuable products, including protein-rich insect meal and nutrient-dense organic fertilizer. Further, the biology of black soldier fly larvae; Hermetia illucens, important bioconversion factors, larvae meal and frass production techniques was thoroughly examined. It also identifies gaps in scalability, regulatory harmonization, and substrate optimization, proposing black soldier fly larvae as a scalable circular economy model. Under optimal conditions, the efficiency and quality of the bioconversion process are enhanced, which includes maintaining temperatures between ۲۷ and ۳۰ degrees Celsius for best results, with survival capabilities from ۱۵ to ۴۷ degrees Celsius. Humidity should ideally be set at ۶۰ to ۷۰ percent, with tolerances that can reach ۴۰ to ۸۰ percent, along with specially formulated substrate mixtures. Black soldier fly larvae meal is a viable substitute for fishmeal or soybean meal in animal feeds since it contains ۴۰–۴۷ percent protein and ۱۱.۸–۴۹ percent fat and it is rich in lysine (۶–۸ percent), threonine (۳–۵ percent), and valine (۴–۶ percent), which are vital for animal nutrition. Similarly, black soldier fly larvae frasstilizer outperforms conventional compost by providing richer nutrients and beneficial microbes in a shorter period (۱۲–۱۵ days). Frass provides micronutrients including iron, zinc, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. By converting organic waste into valuable assets, the technology of black soldier fly larvae promotes a circular economy, alleviating environmental impact while aiding agriculture, livestock, pets, and aquaculture. To enhance maximum material recovery and minimize environmental effects, black soldier fly larvae can be combined with other waste management techniques like anaerobic digestion or composting. Further studies should be carried out to discover potential black soldier fly larvae strains that demonstrate high bioconversion efficiency and to advance these strains via a selective breeding strategy.

کلیدواژه ها:

Black soldier fly larvae ، Bioconversion ، Circular Economy ، Entomoremediation ، Insect&ndash ، based bioprocessing ، Organic fertilizer ، Waste valorization.