Tourism as a Tool for Poverty Alleviation in Developing Countries: The Pro-Poor Tourism Approach

This paper evaluates the effectiveness of Pro-Poor Tourism (PPT) as a strategy for poverty alleviation in developing countries. Using a qualitative, evidence-based approach, a systematic literature review was conducted to analyze case studies and peer-reviewed research across economic, social, environmental, and policy dimensions. Thematic content analysis identified recurring patterns and outcomes. Findings show that PPT contributes to job creation, income generation, and social empowerment, particularly when supported by inclusive governance and sustainable practices. Environmental benefits were also observed through community-led ecotourism initiatives. However, challenges such as unequal benefit distribution, weak institutional frameworks, and limited local participation hinder long-term success. This research highlights the importance of aligning PPT with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and offers policy recommendations to enhance inclusivity, equity, and sustainability in tourism-driven development. By addressing current limitations and building on successful models, PPT can become a more effective tool for inclusive and sustainable development and a tool for poverty alleviation.

کلیدواژه ها:

Pro-Poor Tourism ، Poverty alleviation ، Sustainable tourism ، Community-based tourism ، Inclusive development ، Developing countries