Ardabil’s Climatic Architecture and Its Parallels with Cold Region Design in Europe and Canada

The study looks at the architectural features that respond to Ardabil’s climate in Iran and compares them to strategies used in cold climates in the Alps, Scandinavia and Quebec, Canada. The study brings together a literateur review, simulation models, GIS mapping and an examination of building forms to identify common passive design strategies that include solar orientation, thermal mass use, division of spaces and keeping the design as compact as possible. Field data and simulations reveal that Ardabil vernacular houses stay far warmer throughout winter, losing text information without giving away the details. The study of architecture in Ardabil shows that its wall techniques, underground Sardabs, southern courtyards and rooms arranged by seasons resemble solutions used in colder climates, even though they are culturally different. Based on the findings, these methods generally give better passive performance than the average cold climate building available today. Moreover, when the elements are looked at through the perspective of modern materials and building laws, the research provides steps for merging local criteria into recent projects in Ardabil and similar locations. It points out that by blending historic spatial and heating/cooling solutions with up-to-date construction ideas, architecture can accomplish cultural, environmental and financial goals in housing. The methods used are related to broader talks on sustainability through passive architecture, local norms and urban climate planning. Based on its results, the study argues for rethinking policies and education to appreciate vernacular approaches as valuable for international efforts to build economical and durable architecture. As a result, the architectural heritage in Ardabil plays both a protective role and serves as guidance for the design of future sustainable buildings in cold climates.

کلیدواژه ها:

Vernacular Architecture ، Passive Design ، Cold climate ، Sustainable Housing ، Ardabil