Application of smart materials in green buildings: A review

Integrating smart materials into the construction industry represents an innovative approach to enhancing sustainability, optimizing energy consumption, and improving the adaptive performance of buildings. These materials, with their ability to alter their physical and mechanical properties in response to external stimuli, enable dynamic interaction with the built environment. Their application can be independent or combined with traditional materials, significantly enhancing structural efficiency, durability, and energy performance. Due to their interdisciplinary applications, smart materials have become a key area of focus in civil engineering and sustainable architecture. These materials contribute to optimizing building performance and play a crucial role in reducing environmental impact and increasing the lifespan of structures. While some of these materials have already been successfully implemented in sustainable construction projects, others are still in the research and development phase, requiring further evaluation to assess their reliability, durability, and economic feasibility. This paper reviews the classification, characteristics, and applications of smart materials in sustainable construction, evaluating their role in improving energy efficiency, enhancing structural resilience, and reducing the carbon footprint. Furthermore, the study addresses the technical, economic, and implementation challenges associated with these materials while introducing the latest advancements and innovations in the field.

کلیدواژه ها:

Smart materials ، green buildings ، energy efficiency ، sustainability ، adaptive construction