CRISPR-Cas Gene Editing in Female Infertility: Advancements, Safety Profiles, and Ethical Frameworks through ۲۰۲۴

CRISPR-Cas gene editing technology is a revolutionary approach toward the treatment of female infertility by addressing fundamental genetic causes. Progress as of ۲۰۲۴ in four key areas is reviewed herein: correction of monogenic fertility-related mutations, mitochondrial genome editing, in vitro gametogenesis (IVG), and epigenetic modification. Recent breakthroughs have made significantly improved safety profiles with substantial reductions in off-target effects (<۲%) and mosaicism (۴-۶%), though longer-term clinical data remain limited. The review addresses interdisciplinary approaches with biological mechanisms and chemical delivery systems optimized for maximum editing accuracy and cellular survival. Ethical frameworks governing clinical translation remain under development, addressing challenges such as embryo status, informed consent procedures, access equity, and harmonization of rules across jurisdictions. With great potential demonstrated in preclinical findings, including the successful correction of FOXL۲ mutations and FMRI expansions with >۸۵% efficiency, concerns regarding germline editing risk, immunogenicity, and optimized delivery persist. This analysis provides useful insights into CRISPR's unprecedented level of target specificity compared with other methods of conventional infertility treatments and lays a foundation for developing better reproductive therapies with attention focused on continuous safety assessment and ethical caution.

کلیدواژه ها:

CRISPR-Cas ، female infertility ، gene editing ، mitochondrial editing ، in vitro gametogenesis ، safety ، ethics ، delivery systems