Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Esophagitis: A Study of Gastrointestinal Patients at Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Iran (۲۰۱۸-۲۰۲۳)

Background & Aims: Peptic and duodenal ulcers, caused predominantly by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, are highly prevalent and usually considered benign diseases. H. pylori infection can also lead to complications such as reflux esophagitis. Furthermore, in a minority of cases, H. pylori is associated with malignancies such as gastric adenocarcinoma and primary gastric B-cell lymphoma. These illnesses and their complications not only impose a significant burden on individual health but also weigh heavily on healthcare systems due to their high prevalence and costly treatments. The present study aimed to investigate the association between H. pylori infection and esophagitis in a larger patient population than previous studies. Materials and Methods: The current descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study included all the patients who underwent diagnostic upper endoscopy (Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, EGD) with biopsies from the esophagus and stomach (to detect H. pylori infection) in Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Qom, Iran, between ۲۰۱۳ and ۲۰۱۸. The data were gathered from the hospital's electronic patient records and recorded on a checklist. Statistical analysis, including Chi-square, independent t-tests, and multivariate logistic regression, was performed using Stata/SE (version ۱۴.۲). Results: A total of ۲۴۴ patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age was ۵۸±۱۹.۸ years, and ۶۳% of the participants were male. The incidence of esophagitis and H. pylori infection was calculated at ۵۰% and ۲۳%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis, adjusted for age and gender, demonstrated a significant relationship between H. pylori infection and esophagitis (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]=۳.۱, ۹۵% CI: ۱.۶–۵.۹). Conclusion: In this research, infection with H. pylori was found to independently increase the risk of esophagitis in patients with gastrointestinal diseases. After adjusting for age and gender, the risk of esophagitis was approximately three times higher in infected individuals, compared to uninfected individuals. These findings emphasize the need for early diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori infection to prevent gastrointestinal complications.

کلیدواژه ها:

Esophagitis ، Gastrointestinal diseases ، Helicobacter pylori