Osteogenic potential of human dental pulp stem cells, and human dermal fibroblasts exposed hydroxyapatite nanoparticles: A comparative in vitro study

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the osteogenic response of human dermal fibroblasts (hDFs) and human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) when exposed to hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HA-NPs). Method: Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay after ۲۴ and ۷۲ hours of exposure to HA-NPs. Osteogenic differentiation was evaluated through Alizarin red S staining (ARS), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis of the expression of osteogenic genes (BMP-۲, VEGF-A, RUNX۲, and IL-۶). Result: The HA-NPs had a nanorod shape, with dimensions of ۱۷–۲۹ nm in width and ۶۲–۸۹ nm in length. Both hDPSCs and hDFs demonstrated enhanced osteogenic potential when exposed to HA-NPs, as indicated by increased ARS staining for calcium deposition and elevated ALP activity. Gene expression analysis showed up-regulation of BMP-۲ and VEGF-A and down-regulation of RUNX۲ in both cell types. IL-۶ expression markedly increased in hDFs but did not show significant changes in hDPSCs compared to the control. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggested that HA-NPs can enhance the osteogenic capability of hDPSCs and hDFs. The results demonstrate that while fibroblasts have some mineralization potential, hDPSCs are the most suitable cell type for bone regenerative applications.

کلیدواژه ها:

stem cell ، fibroblast ، hydroxyapatite ، nanoparticle ، bone regeneration