Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on Inflammation, Performance, and Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Athletes: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

This systematic review evaluates the impact of probiotic supplementation on inflammation, gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, and physical performance in athletes. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, identifying ۱۷ randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving ۴۹۶ athletes. Most studies used Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains in single or multi-strain formulations. Probiotics significantly reduced GI symptoms, such as bloating and diarrhea, during endurance exercise. Eight studies reported lower levels of pro-inflammatory markers (e.g., IL-۶, TNF-α) and increased anti-inflammatory IL-۱۰ (SMD = ۰.۴۳; ۹۵% CI ۰.۲۵-۰.۶۱). Five trials showed improvements in VO۲max, time to exhaustion, or recovery. However, heterogeneity in strains, dosages, and study designs limits generalizability. Probiotics appear to enhance gut health, immune function, and recovery in athletes, with potential performance benefits. Standardized, well-powered RCTs are needed to confirm these findings.

کلیدواژه ها:

Probiotics ، Athletes ، Inflammation ، Performance ، Gastrointestinal symptoms ، VO۲max ، Cytokines ، Microbiota